ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to examine work environment related factors and frontline primary healthcare profes-sionals' mental-emotional wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in school communities of Hong Kong. A total of 61 (20%) school health nurses (frontline primary healthcare professionals) participated in a cross-sec-tional online survey from March to June 2020. Outcomes of mental-emotional health were measured using the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (14-item scale with three subscales related to emotional, social and psychological wellbeing);the Perceived Stress Scale (10-item scale with two subscales related to perceived help-lessness and lack of self-efficacy;and the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE), a 28-item inventory with two subscales related to adaptive and maladaptive strategies. Almost half (42.6%) of participants experienced mental health problems. Those employed in government subsidized schools had significantly lower scores in mental health wellbeing than those who worked in private schools. Factors relating to increased mental health problems included lack of emotional support, inadequate training relating to infection prevention and control measures, disengagement and self-blame. A variety of factors influencing school health nurses' social, emotional and psychological wellbeing in their work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic were also reported. The mental-emotional wellbeing of school nurses may relate to their subjective feeling of loneliness as participants were the sole frontline primary healthcare professional working in the school community during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study findings provide relevant evidence for management teams to build a culture of psychological and social support into workplace policies and procedures. Continuous staff development and adequate social support are important to promote the mental-emotional wellbeing of primary healthcare professionals in school communities as they play a significant role in safeguarding resources during pandemics. © 2023, Tech Science Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This study examines the factors influencing continuous intention to use mobile commerce applications in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on the Unified Theory of Use and Acceptance of Technology (UTAUT), Task-Technology Fit Model (TTF), and Expectancy Confirmation Model (ECM), the multiple regression analysis indicated that Performance Expectancy (PE), Social Influence (SI), Perceived Task-Technology Fit (TTF), and Hedonic Value (HV) positively affect continuous intention to use mobile commerce applications. Contrariwise, Effort Expectancy (EE), Trust (TR), Confirmation (COF), and Perceived Risk (PR) did not predict continuous intention to use mobile commerce applications. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in this paper. © 2022 ACM.
ABSTRACT
Staying mobile is the key to ensuring high quality of life for older adults. With the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ability to live and move around independently becomes more critical for the most aging society. While several efforts have been made to invest in mobility solutions to help improve older adults’ mobility, there is still a lack of good practice and guidelines for developing such a niche Information Technology (IT) solution. In this paper, we report our experience of using Living Lab, a design science approach, to assess and capture the needs of mobility solutions for older adults. A semi-structured interview involving 25 older adults was conducted. We identified interesting and practical requirements/functionalities from the participants that might be otherwise overlooked if we followed the traditional software development process. The participants provided valuable feedback to help improve our mobility solution in two main areas, mainly the design and functionality of the application. The findings from this case study can potentially be applied for future work that attempts to address similar problems in the same domain. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Background. On 14 December 2020, the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine was granted emergency use authorization in Singapore. Healthcare workers (HCW) were prioritized to receive the vaccine. We aim to investigate the side effects and risk factors for allergic reactions in our institution. Methods. All HCW vaccinations were recorded in an electronic centralized database. All reactions occurring within a 30-minute observation period post vaccination were recorded. Staff were required to report any vaccine-related medical consult including hospitalization occurring within 14 days after vaccination. Moderate/severe reactions were assessed by a medical team and determined if the reactions were probable allergic reactions with consultation with an Allergist. We extracted data from 8 Jan 2021 to 30 April 2021. Results. 5030 and 159 HCW completed 2 doses and 1 dose of the vaccine respectively. There were 1056 HCWs (20.3%) with self-reported pre-existing allergy. There were 114 (1.1%) reactions occurring without the 30-minute observation period, and 64 (56.1%) were related to first dose of vaccine. The most common side effect experienced was aches or pain on any part of the body (n=46, 40.4%) followed by fatigue and/or giddiness (n=45, 39.5%), palpitations and/or shortness of breath (n=22, 19.3%), systemic rash and/or angioedema (n=12, 10.5%) and nausea and/or vomiting (n=12, 10.5%). A total of 23 HCWs complained of systemic rash and/or angioedema that occurred anytime post vaccination. Fifteen HCWs (0.29% of the cohort) were considered to have probable allergic reaction to the vaccine. None of the reactions were classified as anaphylaxis or severe reactions, but 4 HCWs required short hospitalization stay for observation. HCWs with pre-existing allergy had 2.6 times the risk of having probable vaccine-related allergic reaction than HCWs without pre-existing allergy (RR 2.6, 95% CI 0.9 to 7.3, p=0.068) but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion. No anaphylaxis or severe reactions were observed in our institution. Acute side effects in our cohort were in line with published trial reports. We noted a raised relative risk of 2.6 of pre-existing allergy with probable vaccine-related allergic reaction but this was not statistically significant.
ABSTRACT
It is important to understand the temporal trend of the paediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load to estimate the transmission potential of children in schools and communities. We determined the differences in SARS-CoV-2 viral load dynamics between nasopharyngeal samples of infected asymptomatic and symptomatic children. Serial cycle threshold values of SARS-CoV-2 from the nasopharynx of a cohort of infected children were collected for analysis. Among 17 infected children, 10 (58.8%) were symptomatic. Symptomatic children, when compared to asymptomatic children, had higher viral loads (mean cycle threshold on day 7 of illness 28.6 vs. 36.7, P = 0.02). Peak SARS-CoV-2 viral loads occurred around day 2 of illness in infected children. Although we were unable to directly demonstrate infectivity, the detection of significant amount of virus in the upper airway of asymptomatic children suggest that they have the potential to shed and transmit SARS-CoV-2. Our study highlights the importance of contact tracing and screening for SARS-CoV-2 in children with epidemiological risk factors regardless of their symptom status, in order to improve containment of the virus in the community, including educational settings.